ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts both sexes in distinct ways. Symptoms may vary significantly between males and females, and even among individuals of the same sex. Recognizing these differences is crucial for precise diagnosis and effective treatment.
Males frequently exhibit more external symptoms, such as hyperactivity and impulsiveness, which can lead to behavioral issues. These symptoms may include excessive talking, an inability to remain still, and acting without considering the consequences. Such external symptoms are more apparent to adults, leading to earlier diagnoses, often around the beginning of school. These behaviors can result in difficulties in both relationships and academic environments, which is why they are typically noticed at a younger age. In terms of treatment, behavioral strategies are commonly employed, and if necessary, medication is prescribed.
Females frequently exhibit internalizing symptoms, such as difficulties with focusing, organization, and follow-through. Girls may develop perfectionism, experience anxiety, depression, challenges in maintaining friendships, hair twirling, or underachievement. ADHD in females often remains undetected until later stages, such as middle or high school. They may display inattentiveness and distractibility, along with low self-esteem. These symptoms tend to be less disruptive to others, which is why they often go unnoticed until later in life. The inattentive symptoms can lead to feelings of inadequacy or frustration and cause emotional distress. Treatment typically involves behavioral therapy and support for concurrent issues.